Diet and cancer among Chinese in singapore
Author:Lee HP
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Abstract:Cancer statistics provided by the Singapore Cancer Registry and a series of diet-related studies carried out in Singapore since 1985 were reviewed. Incidence rates for cancers in various Chinese populations are compared. In terms of Singaporean diet a possible protective effect of soyabean products against female breast cancer is highlighted.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1994;3(3):99-102.doi:
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Dietary transition in China and its health consequences
Author:Chen J
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Abstract:The pattern of food consumption in China has been subject to significant changes during the last 30-40 years, although the average dietary pattern is still based on plant foods. These changes have been characterized by increased consumption of animal products and decreased consumption of cereal products. These trends are supported by both national food disappearance records and by household survey data on the intake of specific foods. Changes in urban areas have been much more substantial than in rural areas. Preliminary findings show that the dietary transition is associated with a simultaneous decrease in the prevalence of acute communicable diseases and an increase in the prevalence of the major chronic degenerative diseases, such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1994;3(3):111-114.doi:
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The relationship between dietary factors and serum lipids in southern Chinese population samples
Author:Liu X, Huang Z, Li Y, Rao X, Cen R, Zhuo Q, Ni G,
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Abstract:As part of the PRC-USA collaborative research project on the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease, baseline surveys were conducted in four random urban and rural samples in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province in southern China on 334 men and women aged 35-54 in the fall of 1983-84 with the aim of studying the correlation between dietary intakes and serum lipids. Methods standardized by the US Centers for Disease Control were used for measuring different parameters, and quality control was emphasized to assure comparability between workers and farmers. Three 24-hour recalls were collected from each participant in each survey. Mean values of daily intakes of nutrients per capita for the four groups were as follows: 59-69% kcal carbohydrate; 10-12% kcal protein; 22-26% kcal fat. Dietary total fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and cholesterol were higher in the urban than the rural areas. Mean levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were 4.6 mmol/l, 1.1 mmol/l, 1.3 mmol/l and 2.8 mmol/l respectively. The TC, TG and LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly higher in the urban than the rural areas. Analyses of correlation showed that the Keys 'dietary lipid score' was positively associated with TC, LDL-C and HDL-C; specifically, dietary cholesterol was positively associated with serum TC. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were positively correlated with HDL-C. It seems that the traditional dietary pattern of Guangzhou favours serum lipids being at an optimal level.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1994;3(3):115-118.doi:
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Cross-cultural comparisons between Taipei Chinese and Framingham Americans: dietary intakes, blood lipids and apolipoproteins
Author:Lyu LC, Posner BM, Shieh MJ, Lichtenstein AH, Cupp
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Abstract:Dietary intakes (24-hour recall), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) A-l and apo B were assessed in healthy middle-aged subjects in Taipei, and in sex-age-menopause matched subjects in the Framingham Heart Study. Taipei subjects consumed a diet consisting of 16%, 48%, 35% and 1% of calories from protein, carbohydrate, fat, and alcohol, vs 17%, 40%, 39%, and 4% in Framingham subjects, respectively. The saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the diet was estimated to be 9%, 13%, and 13% of total calories in Taipei subjects and 16%, 15%, and 8% in Framingham subjects, respectively. The differences between Taipei and Framingham subjects were quite substantial for lipid parameters but less so for apolipoprotein levels. Gender differences for TG, HDL C, apo A-l, and apo B were more profound than differences due to nationality. Taipei male and female subjects had significantly lower TC, LDL-C, and significantly higher HDL C concentrations than Framingham male and female subjects. After adjusting for body mass index (BMI), TC and LDL C levels remained significantly different for both sexes between populations, probably attributable to differences in saturated fat intake. This study documents that urban workers in Taipei consumed a diet with a relatively high polyunsaturated and low saturated content and had more favorable lipid profiles than Framingham Americans.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1994;3(3):119-125.doi:
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Serum cholesterol and dietary fat of two populations of southern Chinese
Author:Leung SS, Ng MY, Tan BY, Lam CW, Wang SF, Xu YC, T
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Abstract:Children in Hong Kong (HK) are the second generation of Chinese migrants from Guangdong Province and are leading a more affluent lifestyle than those in Jiangmen (JM). The association between affluence and coronary risk was investigated by comparing the serum cholesterol and dietary fat intake of children in HK and JM. Fasting serum cholesterol was examined in 94 HK children and 99 JM children, all aged seven, using the same enzymatic method by the same observer. Duplicate meals were collected in two subsamples of 20 children, one each from HK and JM and analysed for their total fat intake and fatty acid profile, again by the same observer using gravimetric methodology and gas chromatography. The mean (SD) cholesterol of HK children was 4.59 (0.83) mmol/l, significantly higher than that of JM, 4.16 (0.61) mmol/l. The daily fat intake by the HK children was 48 g, 37% higher than that of JM at 35 g. PS ratio was 0.6in HK and 0.8 in JM. Cl8-2/C14-0, the cholesterol-lowering ratio, was mostly below 10 in HK, whereas that of JM was between 10 and 40 Therefore, in order to lower the total serum cholesterol of Hong Kong children, dietary intervention to lessen total fat, in particular milk and animal fat, while moderately increasing fat consumption from vegetable sources would seem to be appropriate.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1994;3(3):127-130.doi:
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Dietary protein, amino acids and their relation to health
Author:Zhao Xi-He
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Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1994;3(3):131-134.doi:
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Body mass index of Chinese adults in the 1980s
Author:Keyou Ge, Robert Weisell, Xuguang Guo, Lie Cheng,
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Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1994;3(3):135-140.doi:
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Body composition of Chinese compared with data from North America
Author:Jiang ZM, Yang NF, Scheltinga MR, Wilmore DW
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Abstract:A multiple tracer dilution method measuring total body water (TBW) and extra cellular water (ECW) was used to study body composition. Healthy Chinese were compared to a group of healthy Americans evaluated by similar dilutional methods. Compared to the American subjects, Chinese subjects were less heavy (body weight was 62.1 ± 2.0 kg vs 72.5± 4. 1, P<0.05), leaner (body fat was 19.6 ± 1.8% of body weight vs 25.8 ± 1.9, P<0.005), wetter (total body water was 58.9 ± 1.3% vs 54.3 ± 1.4, P<0.005) and had a greater percentage of body cell mass (50.9 ± 1.7% vs 44.2 ± 1.4, P<0.001). The multidilution method using deuterium oxide and sodium bromide to assess body composition is accurate but expensive and laborious. Therefore, equally precise but more economical bedside methods are needed for routine compositional analysis.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1994;3(3):141-143.doi:
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Dietary habits, physical activity and body size among Chinese in North America and China
Author:Lee MM
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Abstract:We examined the self-reported dietary nutrient intakes, physical activity patterns and body mass index (BMI) of 2488 healthy Chinese men and women residing in North America (and Canada) and in the People's Republic of China. On average, Chinese in China consumed more total energy (males 3024 kcal in China, vs 2122 kcal in North America; females 2351 kcal in China. vs 1745 kcal in North America) and carbohydrate but less fat (males 74.s g in China vs 82.0 g in North America, females 56.0 g in China vs 68.8 g in North America), protein, vitamin A, b -carotene and vitamin C than did Chinese in North America. Dietary fat provided 35% of total dietary energy for Chinese in North America and 22% for Chinese in China. Consumption of alcohol, particularly wine and hard liquor, was higher among Chinese in China than Chinese in North America. Chinese in China reported more kilocalories of energy expenditure per day, especially in vigorous activity and walking, than Chinese in North America. Chinese in China weighed less and were leaner than North American Chinese. These differences in nutrient intakes, physical activity and body size of Chinese living in two different continents suggest possible explanations for observed differences in chronic disease rates in the two populations.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1994;3(3):145-148.doi:
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