An Asian–African dialogue and partnership for nutrition
Author:Mark L Wahlqvist
Keywords:
Abstract:
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):245-246.doi:
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Vitamin E levels in soleus muscles of experimentally induced hyperthyroid rats differ consequent to feeding of edible oils
Author:Zainudin Merican, Baharom Suboh, Alini Marzuki and
Keywords: hyperthyroidism, palm olein, soya bean oil, soleus muscle, tocopherol, tocotrienol
Abstract:It has been shown that lipid peroxidation product levels in the soleus muscles of rats fed palm olein were lower
than in the soleus muscles of rats fed soya bean oil. A study was carried out to test our hypothesis that the lower
level of lipid peroxidation products in the soleus muscle of palm olein-fed rats is due, at least partly, to the
higher amount of vitamin E in their soleus muscles. Experimentally induced hyperthyroid rats were fed either
ground rat chow or ground rat chow mixed with palm olein oil or soya bean oil for a period of 8 weeks.
Euthyroid rats fed ground rat chow for a similar period served as controls. At the end of the 8-week period, the
rats were sacrificed and the α-tocopherol and tocotrienol levels in their soleus muscles were measured using
high pressure liquid chromatography. It was found that the levels of α-tocopherol (23.682±0.363),
α-tocotrienol (1.974±0.040) and γ-tocotrienol (1.418±0.054) in µg/g tissue wet weight in the soleus muscles
of hyperthyroid rats fed palm olein oil were statistically significantly higher than those found in the soleus
muscles of hyperthyroid rats fed soya bean oil, which were 14.299±0.378, 0.053±0.053 and 0.184±0.120
µg/g tissue wet weight, respectively. The result shows that the increased level of α-tocopherol and tocotrienols
found in the soleus muscles of hyperthyroid rats fed palm olein oil is responsible, at least partly, for the lower
amount of lipid peroxidation products in these muscles compared with the soleus muscles of hyperthyroid rats
fed soya bean oil in our earlier study.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):247-250.doi:
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Effect of single essential amino acid excess during pregnancy on dietary nitrogen utilization and fetal growth in rats
Author:Mori M, Yamashita Y, Hiroi Y, Shinjo S, Asato R, H
Keywords:amino acids, methionine, fetal brain, food intake
Abstract:The effect on pregnant rats of individual amino acids added excessively to the diet or intermittently administered in excess directly with a stomach tube was examined. When methionine was excessively added to the diet at a 5% level, amino acid imbalance in plasma was induced and food intake decreased remarkably to approximately one-fifth of that of control rats. However, when administered directly into the stomach, food intake remained almost normal, except for excess of methionine, tryptophan or threonine, and an adverse effect of excess amino acid was not observed. However, in the case of a decrease in food intake, various adverse effects were observed. This was especially so for the group that was administered methionine and whose food intake was far below that of the control group: decrease in maternal body weight, delayed growth of products of conception, and further, significant decrease in brain and liver cells of the fetus were observed. In addition, the changes in nitrogen balance were well correlated with the changes in bodyweight in all groups. In the methionine group, in particular, nitrogen balance was negative throughout the period because of a decrease in food intake, and utilization of dietary nitrogen was inferior. The majority of the various lesions observed with excess administration of individual amino acids were not due to a direct effect of excess amino acid but were mainly caused by the remarkable decrease in food intake.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):251-257.doi:
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Palm vitamin E and the healing of ethanol-induced gastric lesions
Author:Ismail NM, Jaarin K, Ahmad A, Marzuki A, Ng WK, Ga
Keywords:palm vitamin E, gastric lesions, gastric mucous
Abstract:The main focus of the study was to examine the effect of palm vitamin E (a tocotrienol-enriched fraction of palm oil) on the healing of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions. The study was divided into three sections.Study 1 determined the gastric content of vitamin E after dietary supplementation with palm vitamin E for 3 weeks. Seven rats were fed a normal diet and another 7 were fed a palm vitamin E-enriched diet (150 mg/kg food). The gastric content of vitamin E levels were higher in rats fed with a palm vitamin E-enriched diet (p<0.01). Study 2 determined the time-dependent effects of palm vitamin E on gastric lesions and gastric acidity postethanol administration. Two groups of rats were fed either a normal rat diet or a palm vitamin E-enriched diet (150 mg/kg food). After 3 weeks, the control and a treated group received a single intragastric dose of 100% ethanol. Assessment of gastric lesions after 1 week showed a lower gastric lesion index in the palm vitamin E group compared with the controls (p<0.05) but there was no difference in the gastric acid content after 1 week between the two groups. Study 3 determined the effects of palm vitamin E on the gastric tissue content of malondialdehyde (MDA), PGE2 and gastric acidity without ethanol administration. The MDA content was lower in the palm vitamin E-treated group (p<0.05). However, the gastric acid and PGE2 content in both groups did not differ. The findings suggest that feeding with a palm vitamin E-enriched diet (150 mg/kg food) for 3 weeks resulted in a significant concentration of vitamin E in the gastric tissue. It was concluded that palm vitamin E may promote the healing of ethanol-induced gastric lesions through minimizing the lipid preoccupation process in the gastric mucous.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):258-262.doi:
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Differences in some haemostatic variables between fisheating and non-fish-eating populations
Author:Bulliyya G
Keywords:fish diet, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, haemostasis, platelet count, bleeding time, clotting time, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract:The rare incidence of coronary artery disease in Eskimos has been ascribed to their diet of marine fish rich in n-3 fatty acids, which have an antithrombotic influence on haemostasis. In order to test this hypothesis, a crosssectional study was conducted on 1000 healthy individuals chosen randomly from coastal and inland villages in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 500 fish-eating and 500 non-fish-eating age- and sex-matched subjects were selected based on fish-eating habits for parameters related to haemostasis. Mean cutaneous bleeding time and clotting time were decreased with advancing age in men and women of both populations.Women had more prolonged bleeding and clotting times than did men in both population groups. The platelet count was significantly lower in the fish-eating population. The mean bleeding time was observed to be prolonged significantly in men and women of the fish-eating population than that of the non-fish-eating population. However, the clotting time in the fish-eating population was significantly longer in certain age groups than in non-fish-eating population. The results indicate that fish consumption influences haemostatic function relative to a non-fish-eating population.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):263-267.doi:
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Dietary intake of trace elements, minerals and vitamins among severely malnourished children and its interrelationship with nutritional status:A prospective study
Author:Kapil U, Tandon M, Nayar D, Pathak P, Yadav R, Dwi
Keywords:malnourishment, children, trace elements, minerals, vitamins, nutritional status, nutrient intake, Rajasthan, India
Abstract:Dietary deficiency of trace elements, minerals and vitamins has been associated with severe malnutrition among young children. Although levels of severe malnutrition among children are high in developing countries, data on dietary intake of trace elements, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients by severely malnourished (SMN) children are limited. The present prospective study was conducted for a period of 12 months in order to assess the intake of trace elements, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients by SMN children and its possible interrelationship with their nutritional status. The nutritional status of 1643 children in the age group of 6 months to < 6 years, registered at 50 Anganwadi centres at district Alwar and Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India, was assessed using weight-for-age criteria. A total of 150 children were identified as severely malnourished. Mothers of 130 of the children consented to their children's participation in the study. At the end of 12 months, full data was available for 60 of the 130 SMN children. The nutritional status and intake of trace elements, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients of the 60 SMN children were analysed at monthly follow-up visits. Results revealed that there was an increase in the intake of trace elements, minerals and other nutrients during the follow-up period as compared to the baseline survey. However, in all of the follow-up visits, an overall deficient intake of all of the trace elements, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients was observed in the SMN children except for protein, calcium and magnesium. Out of 60 children, 35 moved to higher nutritional grades. It was found that the intake of trace elements, minerals, vitamin and macro-nutrients was higher among children whose nutritional status improved as compared with the group that remained in the severe malnutrition category. The present study highlights that the existence of multiple trace element and vitamin deficiencies in the diets of SMN children could play a role in the severe malnutrition of these children.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):268-271.doi:
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Prevalence of overweight among Malaysian adults from rural communities
Author:Khor GL, Yusof AM, Tee ES, Kandiah M, Lee Huang MS
Keywords:nutritional status, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, obesity, rural communities, Malaysia
Abstract:Assessment of the nutritional status of 4054 households from rural communities in Peninsular Malaysia was undertaken from 1992 to 1995. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were obtained from a self-selected sample of 1854 men and 2741 women aged >= 18 years. The BMI and WHR results are presented according to gender, age groups and type of community as defined by the main occupation, namely, fishing, rice farming, estate work, rubber and coconut small-holding. The mean BMI for men and women of all age groups are 22.5 kg/m2 and 23.8 kg/m2, respectively. The mean BMI for both genders increases with age between 18.0 and 49.9 years, after which the value declines. The prevalence of pre-obese (BMI >= 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) is 19.8% for men and 28.0% for women. The prevalence of obese men and women (>= 30.0 kg/m2) is 4.2% and 11.1%, respectively. The highest prevalence of pre-obese and obese men is found in the age groups of 30.0-49.9 years, while that for women is in the 40.0-49.9 years age group. The prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity is higher in women than in men for every age group. A similar result was indicated by WHR whereby a higher proportion of women (22.5%) than men (5%) for all ages was found to show central obesity. The prevalence of overweight adults is higher when compared with previous studies on subjects from almost similar rural communities. This study indicated that overweight is on the increase in rural communities, especially among female subjects.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):272-279.doi:
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Nutrition and ageing in Africa
Author:KAREN CHARLTON
Keywords:
Abstract:
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):280-281.doi:
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Developing new forms of regional support for Sub-Saharan Africa
Author:ISAAC O AKINYELEl
Keywords:
Abstract:
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):285-285.doi:
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Food Basket Foundation International: Profile, mission statement and activities
Author:ISAAC O AKINYELE
Keywords:
Abstract:
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):286-290.doi:
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Report of a seminar and workshop on Food-based Dietary Guidelines and Nutrition Education: Bridging Science and Communication
Author:RODOLFO FLORENTINO, E-SIONG TEE, BEE-KOON POH
Keywords:
Abstract:
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):291-299.doi:
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Workshop on the Essentiality of and Recommended Dietary Intakes for Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Author:ARTEMIS P SIMOPOULOS, ALEXANDER LEAF, NORMAN SALEM
Keywords:
Abstract:
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 1999;8(4):300-301.doi:
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