Asia Pacific Clinical Nutrition Society Award
Author:
Keywords:
Abstract:
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):1.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Does diet matter for survival in long-lived cultures?
Author:Mark L Wahlqvist MD FRACP, Irene Darmadi-Blackberr
Keywords:elderly, Mediterranean diet, culture, survival, longevity, social factors, exercise, ADL, memory, smoking, gender, FHILL, Greeks, Swedes, Japanese, Anglo-Celts, Australians
Abstract:In 1987, the International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS) subcommittee on Nutrition and Ageing, in
conjunction with the World Health Organization (WHO) global program for the elderly, embarked on the
‘Food Habits in Later Life’ (FHILL): a cross-cultural study to determine to what extent health, social and
lifestyle variables, especially food intake, collectively predict survival amongst long-lived cultures. A total of
818 participants aged 70 years and over, were recruited from five IUNS centres. Mortality data were collected
after five to seven years. The cohorts included Swedes in Sweden (SWD), Greeks in Greece (GRS) and in
Melbourne, Australia (GRM), Anglo-Celts in Australia (ACS) and Japanese in Japan (JPN). Information was
obtained on health, lifestyle and diet at baseline. A Cox Proportional Hazard model containing ten potential
predictors of survival, adjusted to age at enrolment and ethnicity/locality, was developed to analyse the survival
data. Based on up to seven years survival data, it was found that being an elderly Greek in Australia conferred
the lowest mortality risk and being an elderly Greek in Greece conferred the highest mortality risk. When the
ten potential predictors of survival were entered into the Cox model, the memory score, the Mediterranean diet
score, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and general health status scores showed the greatest effects in
significantly reducing mortality hazard ratios by 22%, 13%, 4% and 4%, respectively. For diet score, a oneunit change predicted a significant 13% difference in survival. Of the lifestyle (modifiable) variables entered in
the multivariate model, exercise and social activity were not significant predictors of survival suggesting that
diet is a more important predictor of survival than these variables. Another lifestyle variable, smoking,
significantly increased mortality hazard ratios by 67%, making it a more important predictor of survival than
diet. Being male (non-modifiable) also increased risk of death by 63%. Diet, particularly the Mediterranean
Diet, operates irrespective and together with other factors as an appreciable contributor to survival, with a
strength comparable to or greater than all other measured variables. The independence and strength of the
predictiveness of food pattern for survival, and for this to be cross-cultural from Europe to Asia is a novel and
important observation for food and health policy.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):2-6.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Food and nutrient intakes among nomads living in three different areas of Inner Mongolia, China
Author:Yoshimi Ohno RNT, PhD, Kazuko Hirai PhD, Sanae Sow
Keywords:nomads, gels, food consumption, tea, milk (sheep/goat), nutrient intake, traditional food habits, children, adults, elderly, Inner Mongolia, China
Abstract:The subjects, from Mongolian-style gel tribes, aged 6-79 years, living in three different areas of Inner
Mongolia, were asked about their daily food consumption in August 2001 using the 24-hr dietary recall
method. There were no significant differences in food intakes between males and females of the same age
group in the same area, with a few exceptions, although considerable variation was found among individuals
and areas for the amount of foods consumed. Some subjects consumed greater amounts of wheat, vegetables,
fruits, and vegetable oils, which suggested they had changed their eating patterns. All subjects drank large
quantities of tea, to which was added milk (sheep/goat), cream, butter, parched millet and/or sawa. This
traditional tea supplied vitamins and minerals such as vitamin A, iron and calcium.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):7-18.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Physical status, nutrient intake and dietary pattern of adolescent female factory workers in urban Bangladesh
Author:Moududur Rahman Khan PhD and Faruk Ahmed PhD
Keywords:adolescent girls, stunting, dietary pattern, factory workers, body size, Bangladesh
Abstract:This cross-sectional study examined the physical status, nutrient intake and dietary pattern of adolescent female
factory workers in urban Bangladesh. A total of 1211 postmenarchial girls aged 14-19y from seventeen
readymade garment industries spread over the Dhaka City participated in the study. Body weight, height and
skin fold thickness were measured for all subjects. The nutrient intake was assessed by 24-h recall method and
7-day food frequency questionnaire was used to investigate their dietary pattern on a sub-sample of 509 girls.
Sixty five percent of the girls were short (height-for-age, <3rd percentile of NCHS reference values). Prevalence of short stature was higher in the older girls. Mean body weight was 38kg for the 14 year old girls,
which gradually increased across the age groups to about 42 kg for the 18 and 19 year olds. About 17% of the
girls were thin (BMI-for-age <5th percentile of NCHS reference values). Over all, about 23% were lean (TSFTfor-age<5th percentile of NCHS reference values). Food intake data revealed a deficit of 1.62 MJ/day in
energy. Mean intake of protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C were below
the recommended dietary allowance. Most of the energy and nutrients came from cereal grains. Habitual
pattern of food intake revealed poor intake of eggs, milk, meat, and green leafy vegetables. In conclusion, the
data show a poor physical status of the adolescent female factory workers in Bangladesh. Simultaneous
substantial deficits in energy and several nutrients in their diet stress the need for an appropriate intervention to
improve their overall nutritional and physical status of these young females.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):19-26.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Iodine status in pregnant women living in Melbourne differs by ethnic group
Author:Michelle A Hamrosi BBiomedSc, Euan M Wallace MBChB
Keywords: iodine nutrition, pregnancy, public health, Australia, Vietnamese, Indian, Sri Lankan, Caucasian women
Abstract:The iodine status of pregnant women from different ethnic groups in an Australian population was determined
by measuring urinary iodine concentration (UIC) from stored spot urine samples. Study subjects were selected
from pregnant women participating in a Down Syndrome screening study at Monash Medical Centre in
Melbourne, Australia. In total, 263 Vietnamese, 262 Indian/Sri Lankan (ISL) and 277 Caucasian women were
included. The median UIC of Caucasian women (52 µg/L) was significantly lower than that of both
Vietnamese women (58 µg/L, P <0.01) and ISL women (61 µg/L, P = 0.03). The proportion of women who
had a UIC below 50µg/L was 48.4% of the Caucasian women, 38.4% of the Vietnamese women and 40.8% of
the ISL women. These data are consistent with mild iodine deficiency for each of the groups of pregnant
women. The evidence for mild iodine deficiency in these groups of pregnant women is consistent with recent
Australian studies in pregnant and non-pregnant individuals. The association of ethnicity with iodine status is
most likely due to differences in dietary behaviours. Understanding the factors that influence iodine nutrition in
a multiethnic population will be important for identifying the most useful approaches to improving iodine
status, evaluating different strategies and the development of appropriate monitoring programs. Action to
improve iodine status in the Australian population should include consideration of ethnic differences in diet.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):27-31.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
The effects of iodine on intelligence in children: a metaanalysis of studies conducted in China
Author:Ming Qian MD, Dong Wang BA ， William E Watkins PhD
Keywords:iodine, iodine deficiency disorders, intelligence, IQ, children, meta-analysis, China
Abstract:This study quantifies the effects of iodine on the intellectual development of children using a systematic
manual literature search of Chinese publications related to iodine deficiency disorders. The Chinese Medical
Reference Database, Medline, and Cochrane library were searched electronically in Chinese and English.
Inclusion criteria included: studies conducted in China, comparing children (<16 ys) living in naturally iodine
sufficient (IS) with those in severely iodine deficient (ID) areas, or children in ID areas born before and after
the introduction of iodine supplementation. Intelligent Quotient (IQ) was measured using Binet or Raven
Scales. The iodine sufficient control groups were comparable socially, economically, and educationally with
the study groups. Random effects models were used in the meta-analysis. Effect size was the standard
deviation IQ point (SIQP), which is equivalent to 15 IQ. Thirty-seven reported studies, total 12,291 children,
were analysed. The effect size was an increase of 0.83, 0.82, and 0.32 SIQP respectively, for the children living
in IS communities compared with those living in ID areas with no iodine supplementation, with inadequate
iodine supplementation, or children who had received iodine during their mothers’ pregnancy and after birth.
These equal to 12.45, 12.3, 4.8 IQ points. Compared with that of children whose mothers were persistently
exposed to ID, the total effect size of the 21 entries was an increase of 0.58 SIQP (8.7 IQ points) in the group
receiving iodine supplementation during pregnancy. Furthermore, there was an increase on 1.15 SIQP of Binet
or 0.8 SIQP on Raven Scale (17.25 or 12 IQ points) for children born more than 3.5 years after iodine
supplementation program was introduced. The level of iodine nutrition plays a crucial role in the intellectual
development of children. The intelligence damage of children exposed to severe ID was profound,
demonstrated by 12.45 IQ points loss and they recovered 8.7 IQ points with iodine supplementation or IS
before and during pregnancy. Iodine supplementation before and during pregnancy to women living in severe
ID areas could prevent their children from intelligence deficit. This effect becomes evident in children born 3.5
years after the iodine supplementation program was introduced.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):32-42.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
The effect of vitamin A-fortified coconut cooking oil on the serum retinol concentration of Filipino children 4-7 years old
Author:Luz V Candelaria, Clarita R Magsadia, Rowena E Vel
Keywords:vitamin A fortified coconut cooking oil, vitamin A status, serum retinol concentration, weight for height, Filipino children, Philippines
Abstract:A 6-month intervention trial was conducted among 542 Filipino children aged 4 to 7 years to determine the
effect of vitamin A-fortified coconut cooking oil intake on their vitamin A status and to identify factors that
influence this. Children were randomly assigned to the Experimental group, with vitamin A-fortified cooking
oil ration; to Control-1 group with unfortified cooking oil ration; and to Control-2 group without cooking oil
ration. In all groups, children’s serum retinol concentration improved. Relative change in serum retinol concentration was significantly higher among the Experimental group, with one-third of total vitamin A intake
coming from vitamin A-fortified cooking oil intake, than in the Control groups, with more than half of intake
from other vitamin A-rich foods. Determinants of post-intervention serum retinol concentration included
baseline serum retinol concentration, caregiver’s education, receipt of high-dose vitamin A capsule, interaction
between consumption of vitamin A-fortified cooking oil and of other vitamin A-rich foods, and between
households purchasing cooking oil and food expenditure. Intake of vitamin A-fortified cooking oil combined
with vitamin A-rich foods was necessary to increase serum retinol concentration. It is recommended to vigorously promote the consumption of vitamin A-fortified cooking oil together with other vitamin A-rich
sources to sustain the prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):43-53.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Correlates of under- and over-reporting of energy intake in Tehranians: body mass index and lifestyle-related factors
Author:Fereidoun Azizi MD, Ahmad EsmaillzadehMScand Parvi
Keywords:under-reporting, over-reporting, BMI, lifestyle, Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Iran
Abstract:Under- and over-reporting of energy intake are problems in dietary intake assessment. This study was
conducted to assess the correlates of under- and over-reporting of energy intake in Tehranians. Dietary data on
947 participants (415 males and 532 females) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study was collected by trained
interviewers using two 24-hour recalls. Weight and height were measured by digital scale and tape measure
according to standard protocols and recorded to the nearest 100g and 1cm, respectively. Under-, normal- and
over-reporting of energy intake was defined as ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate (EI: BMR) <1.35,
1.35 - 2.39 and ≥2.4, respectively. Mean ± SD of age was 37.3 ± 14.6 and 32.9 ± 13.6 years for men and
women, respectively. Men had higher EI: BMR than women (1.72 ± 0.44 vs 1.27 ± 0.44, P<0.001). EI and EI:
BMR was highest in the youngest age groups in both sexes. The prevalences of under- and over-reporting were
31% and 5%, respectively. Fewer men than women underreported EI (19% vs 40%, P<0.001). The fraction of
over-reporters was significantly higher in men than women (7% vs 3%, P <0.05). EI: BMR decreased with age.
Under-reporters were older and had higher BMI than normal-reporters, but their educational level did not differ
significantly. Over-reporters were younger and had lower BMI than normal-reporters, but their educational
levels did not differ significantly. Most over-reporters had normal BMI. Smoking was more prevalent in overreporters than in the normal-reporters (28% vs 19% in men and 6% vs 1% in women, P<0.01). The results
showed a high prevalence of misreporting of energy intake in Tehran. This phenomenon is related to age,
obesity and smoking habits.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):54-59.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Waist girth normalized to body build in obesity assessment
Author:Grete Heinz PhD, Gary TC KoFRCPI and Louis J Peter
Keywords:waist girth, body build, waist reference girth, waist deviation, abdominal obesity, waist circumference
Abstract:Waist girth (WG) is regarded as the most significant anthropometric parameter associated with cardiovascular
risk. The objective of the present study was to strengthen WG as an obesity marker by basing WG assessment
not on gender but on individually measured body build characteristics that need not coincide with gender. We
formulated a new marker, the Waist Reference Girth (WRG) and two corollaries, the Waist Deviation (WD)
and the Percent Waist Deviation (%WD). The present research centered on deriving an equation for WRG from
relevant trunk skeletal measurements that closely predicted WG in lean individuals. This equation would
determine anyindividual’s WRG and current WD. Trunk skeletal widths and chest depth as well as WG were
measured on 507 physically active subjects (247 men and 260 women), predominantly lean young adults.
Multiple regression analysis with the skeletal measurements as independent variables was performed on this
data to predict WG. The unisex WRG equation WRG = Chest Sum ×1.635 predicted WG of 282 lean subjects
(maximum WD of 4 cm) with R
2
of 0.87 (SEE of 3.0 cm). Male and female WG cutoff values for central
obesity are usually taken at 94 cm and 80 cm respectively. For the average male and female WRG in this study
(79 cm and 67.4 cm), these cutoff values are equivalent to WD of 15cm and 12.6cm respectively and to
19%WD for both genders (15/79 and 12.6/67.4). With %WD normalized for WRG, hence unaffected by intragroup or inter-group variations in the Chest Sum, %WD thresholds may better identify health risks linked to
abdominal obesity than existing WG thresholds.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):60-68.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Increased abdominal fat in young women of Indian origin
Author:Brandon Orr-Walker MBChB, Margaret C Evans BSc, Ia
Keywords:abdominal obesity, diabetes, body mass index, fat mass, premenopausal women, Chinese, European, Polynesian, Indian
Abstract:People of Indian origin develop type 2 diabetes at a relatively young age and low body mass index compared to
people of other racial groups, possibly because of preferential accumulation of abdominal fat. We examined the
relationship between abdominal fat and body mass index (BMI) in healthy premenopausal women of different
racial groups, and compared abdominal fat measurements at different ages. Women of Chinese, European,
Indian or Polynesian origin (50 of each, mean age 31) had dual energy x-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar
spine, with estimation of the percentage fat in the abdominal area. Polynesian women had a significantly
greater mean BMI (P<0.001) than all other groups, and a higher abdominal fat than European and Chinese
woman (P<0.001). Although the Indian women had a similar mean BMI to the European and Chinese women,
they had a significantly greater abdominal fat (P<0.001). When examined by age tertile, the Indian women had
significantly more abdominal fat than Chinese or European women at all ages (P<0.001), with marked
differences evident even in the youngest group (mean age 23 years). Compared to other racial groups, women
of Indian origin preferentially accumulate abdominal fat - a trait that is well established in young adulthood.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):69-73.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Anthropometric indices as screening tools for cardiovascular risk factors in Singaporean women
Author:Yong-Hao PUA BSc Phty (Hons)and Peck-Hoon ONGBAppS
Keywords:abdominal fatness, public health, cut-off values, body mass index, obesity, waist hip ratio, Singapore
Abstract:Previous studies have suggested the need to revise the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off values for the
various indices of obesity and fat distribution in Singapore. The purpose of this study was to delineate cut-off
points of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and waist-stature ratio
(WSR) as screening tools for cardiovascular risk factors in Singaporean women. Anthropometric indices were
measured in a cross sectional survey of 566 subjects (60% Chinese individuals, 28% Malay individuals and
12% Indian individuals). Cardiovascular risk factors were determined by measuring blood pressure, serum
lipids, and fasting blood glucose levels. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to
determine cut-off points. Forward logistic regression and area under curves (AUC) were used to determine the
best anthropometric index. For at least one cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes
mellitus), the cut-off points for BMI, WHR, WC and WSR were around 23.6kg/m
2
, 0.80, 77.8cm and 0.48 for
Singaporean females. The AUC of WSR was the highest for all three risk factors in females (0.79 for
hypertension, 0.70 for dyslipidaemia, 0.88 for diabetes mellitus). Regression analyses revealed that WSR was
independently associated with all risk factors. For Singaporean female adults, the cut-off points were lower
than the criteria suggested by the WHO, but were in agreement with those reported for Asians. BMI, WHR,
WC and WSR may be used as screening tools for cardiovascular risk factors, of which WSR may be the best
anthropometric index.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):74-79.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status based on body mass index of adult Bathudis: a tribal population of Keonjhar District, Orissa, India
Author:Kaushik Bose PhD and Falguni Chakraborty PhD
Keywords:tribal population, anthropometry, body mass index, nutritional status, Bathudis, West Bengal, India
Abstract:A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine anthropometric profile and nutritional status based on
body mass index (BMI) of adult Bathudis, a tribal population of Orissa, India. A total of 409 adult (aged > 18
years) Bathudis of three villages of Anandapur, Keonjhar District, Orissa, India, were studied. Anthropometric
measurements including height, weight, circumferences and skinfolds as well as BMI and waist-hip ratio
(WHR) were measured. Overall, the extent of undernutrition (BMI < 18.5) was found to be very high (57.9%).
Moreover, there was a significant (χ
2
= 8.09674, P= 0.01745) difference in the prevalence of undernutrition
between men (52.7%) and women (64.5%). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the prevalence of adult
undernutrition was found to be very high among the Bathudis, a tribal population of Keonjhar District, Orissa.
These rates were much higher than those found in several tribal populations from other parts of India.
Therefore, immediate nutritional intervention programs are needed for implementation among Bathudis.
Moreover, further research is needed not only among this ethnic group but also other tribal populations of India
to fully understand the causes and consequences of adult undernutrition.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):80-82.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Use of [ 14 C]-sodium bicarbonate/urea to measure physical activity induced increases in total energy expenditure in free-living healthy males
Author:Darren M Roffey BAppSc, BHSc(Hons), Natalie D Lusc
Keywords:energy expenditure, carbon dioxide production, exercise prescription, sodium bicarbonate, urea
Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the [
14
C]-sodium bicarbonate/urea technique to detect
physical activity-induced increases in total energy expenditure in free-living healthy men. Thirteen healthy
males aged 34.1 ±11.7 yrs with body mass index 24.1 ±3.1 kg/m
2
were studied on three separate occasions,
during which [
14
C]-bicarbonate was infused over 48-hours and urine was collected during the second 24-hours.
On three separate occasions and in random order, subjects either remained sedentary, or performed a bout of
physical activity on an electro-magnetically braked cycle ergometer sufficient to increase energy expenditure
by 7% or 11% above predicted sedentary total energy expenditure. Urine samples were analyzed to evaluate
the amount of [
14
C]-bicarbonate incorporated into urinary urea, thereby reflecting the amount of CO2produced
per day, and upon conversion, the number of kilojoules of energy expended in 24-hours. All 13 subjects
successfully completed the two physical activity treatments and there were no adverse events. As measured by
the [
14
C]-urea assay, mean total energy expenditure values were not significantly different between sedentary
activity (17902 ±905 kJ/day), the physical activity treatment designed to increase TEE by 7% (17701 ±594
kJ/day) and the physical activity treatment designed to increase TEE by 11% (18538 ±485 kJ/day) (P=0.668).
In conclusion, although the [
14
C]-sodium bicarbonate/urea technique was well tolerated and did not interfere
with normal daily activities, it was not able to accurately measure physical activity-induced increases in EE in
the range of 7-11% above predicted sedentary total energy expenditure.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):83-90.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Australian sweet lupin flour addition reduces the glycaemic index of a white bread breakfast without affecting palatability in healthy human volunteers
Author:Ramon S Hall BSc MHN PhD, Sarah J Thomas BSc MNDan
Keywords:lupin, glycaemic index, insulinaemic index, satiety, palatability, white bread
Abstract:The addition of some legume ingredients to bread has been associated with effects on glycaemic, insulinaemic
and satiety responses that may be beneficial in controlling type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity.
However, the effect of Australian sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) flour (ASLF) is unknown. This
investigation examined the effect of adding ASLF to standard white bread on post-meal glycaemic, insulinaemic and satiety responses and palatability in healthy subjects. Using a randomised, single-blind, cross-over
design, 11 subjects consumed one breakfast of ASLF bread and two of standard white bread ≥7 days apart
after fasting overnight. Each breakfast also included margarine, jam, and tea with milk and contained 50g
available carbohydrate. On each test day, blood samples were taken after fasting, then several times over 2
hours post-prandially, and analysed for plasma glucose and serum insulin. Subjects rated breakfast palatability
and perception of satiety, in the fasting state and over 3 hours post-prandially, after which food intake from an
ad libitumbuffet and for the rest of the day was recorded. Incremental areas under the curves for glucose,
insulin and satiety, glycaemic index, insulinaemic index and satiety index were calculated. ASLF addition to
the breakfast reduced its glycaemic index (mean ± SEM; ASLF bread breakfast = 74.0 ± 9.6. Standard white
bread breakfast = 100, P=0.022), raised its insulinaemic index (ASLF bread breakfast = 127.7 ± 12.0. Standard
white bread breakfast = 100, P=0.046), but did not affect palatability, satiety or food intake. ASLF addition
resulted in a palatable breakfast; however, the potential benefits of the lowered glycaemic index may be
eclipsed by the increased insulinaemic index.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):91-97.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Clinical evidence of growth hormone, glutamine and a modified diet for short bowel syndrome: meta-analysis of clinical trials
Author:Yong Zhou MD, Xiao-Ting Wu MD, Gang Yang MD, Wen Z
Keywords:short bowel syndrome, growth hormone, glutamine, high carbohydrate low fat diet, meta-analysis
Abstract:This study assessed the safety and efficacy of growth hormone (GH) and glutamine (GLN) combined with a
modified (high-carbohydrate-low-fat, HCLF) diet in patients with short bowel syndrome. A meta-analysis of all
the relevant clinical trials was performed. Clinical trials were identified from the following electronic
databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Chinese Bio-medicine Database.
The search was undertaken in May 2004. Language was restricted to Chinese and English. Literature
references were checked at the same time. Clinical trials were extracted and evaluated by two reviewers
independently of each other. The statistical analysis was performed by RevMan4.2 software which was
provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. A Pvalue of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Thirteen
trials involving 258 patients were included. The combined results showed that GH, GLN and HCLF diet had
positive treatment effect on body weight (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 2.44, 95%CI [1.62, 3.27],
P<0.00001), stool output (WMD = -376.49, 95%CI [-600.35, -152.63], P=0.001), lean body mass (WMD =
2.16, 95%CI [0.91, 3.41], P=0.0007), absorption of carbohydrates (WMD = 6.21, 95%CI [5.27, 7.15],
P<0.00001), absorption of nitrogen (WMD = 10.83, 95%CI [5.22, 16.44], P=0.0002), absorption of D-xylose
(WMD = 0.37, 95%CI [0.29, 0.44], P<0.00001), and off TPN (total parenteral nutrition) (odds ratios [OR] =
64.63, 95%CI [15.51, 269.22], P<0.00001). But there were no improvements in fat mass (WMD = -1.50,
95%CI [-3.48, 0.48], P=0.14), absorption of energy (WMD = 7.48, 95%CI [-7.22, 22.17], P=0.32), and
absorption of fat (WMD = 7.16, 95%CI [-2.95, 17.28], P=0.17). Most patients had side effects that are known
to occur during treatment with high doses (0.14 mg/kg/day) of GH. No serious adverse effects occurred during
active treatment with low doses (≤0.1 mg/kg/day) of GH. Treatment with a combination of low-dose GH, GLN
and HCLF diet is effective without any major adverse effects in patients with short bowel syndrome. Further
trials are required, especially in children, with sufficient size and rigorous design.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):98-102.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
Protective effects of bovine colostrum on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced intestinal damage in rats
Author:Jeong Wook Kim MD, Woo Kyu Jeon MD, Jung Won Yun
Keywords:anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal, adverse effects, small intestine, intestinal damage, colostrum
Abstract:The aim of this study was to examine whether bovine colostrum was able to prevent the NSAID induced small
intestinal damage in animals. The animal model population of the study consisted of 4 groups: control group,
diclofenac group, diclofenac with 10% low fat milk group and diclofenac with 5% colostrum group. The
animals with milk or colostrum were fed with 10% low fat milk or 5% colostral solution for 5 days before the
administration of diclofenac. Gut injuries were induced by administration of a single dose of diclofenac (100
mg/kg orally). Epithelial permeability values (24 hour urinary excretion of
51
Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
[
51
Cr-EDTA]), enteric aerobic bacterial counts, serum biochemical profiles and pathologic findings of distal
ileum were measured. Diclofenac caused a marked increase in the intestinal permeability, enteric bacterial
numbers and intestinal villous damage, and enteric protein and albumin loss. Combined administration of
bovine colostrum reduced the increase in intestinal permeability, enteric bacterial overgrowth, protein losing
enteropathy and mucosal villous damage of the small intestine induced by diclofenac. Bovine colostrum may
have a beneficial effect in prevention of NSAID induced small intestinal injuries.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(1):103-107.doi:
>>Abstract
>> Download PDF
